EUROPE
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Factories in Britain, 1760, were largely devoted to textile production. With inventions like the Spinning Jenny, Water the Powerloom, output was increased by as much as 13% each year. Within the 20 years from 1770 through 1790, cotton was produced 10x as fast due to large factories with machinery working quickly instead of slowly and by hand. Most factories used child labor since it was considerably cheaper than a fully grown adult.
Transportation during the industrial revolution was changing with the times, as the beloved steam engine grew, it saw more opportunities to be used in everyday life, in steam- boats, locomotives, and to remove water from mines, where iron could be dug up.
Steel and iron production also played a large role in Britain's Industrial Revolution. With these two resources, and natural resources of coarse!! Railroads and locomotives were being built. James Watt became the first man to build a steam engine that could actually be used practically, meaning it wasn't wasting more energy than it produced. And where was the iron coming from? well Britian was producing 3,000,000 tons of iron by 1844, compared to just 17,000 tons a hundred years before. Iron was no longer an expensive metal, then it was figuratively sold at a dime a dozen.
The Crystal Palace Exibition was a 5 month and eleven day exhibition held in Hyde Park, London from May 1st to October 11th, to show off products, much like their idea of our modern day modern day CES(Consumer Electronics Confernece).
Industrialization of continental Europe
Continental Europe was becoming widely westernized and industrialized at a gradual pace, with variations in each of the continents countries. Britain led the Industrialiation process, doubled that of France due to resources and other easily rocognizable areas of excellerated growth, like transport and shipments.
Prussia was another country growing at an alarmingly fast rate, with Prussian government literally guaranteeing to pay any interest on railroad bonds if the regulated companies could not do so. With little risk, investors flooded in, providing Prussia and Belgium with a higher capital.
Industrial Vocabulary
Canals:
Canals were important in completing basic needs of related interdependant industries.
- Greatly reduced cost of shipping freight on land
- Resulted in growing regional and national market spurring increased industrial productivity to meet larger demand.
- Facilitated the growth of urban working class who came from the countryside.
Railroads:
Trade Agreements:
An agreement to establsih tariff prices on goods going back and forth between two countries.
2nd Revolution
The second industrial revolution started around the mid 1800's, introducing things like electricty and and communication through telephone. Along with other inventions, the second industrial revolution was a more modernized turn to our prevous industial revolution, and is still taking place around us.
McGraw-Hill textbook
Provided notes
2013 Euro Textbook